译语的异化与优化

摘要：翻译界有一种习惯的误解，认为译本应该“读起来不像译本”、“仿佛是原作者的中文写作”，因而译作的语言应是规范的汉语文学语言。实际上，译语是汉语的异化。译语异化是普遍存在于译本中的语言行为和文化现象。本文揭示了译语与译语文化的相互影响问题，指出译语的异化是两种语言、两种文化的对抗与对话。好的翻译是译语的优化，即保持异化适度。译语的优化将是我国新世纪翻译文学的新的诗学潮流。

要害词：译语；异化；译语文化；优化

Abstract: A common misunderstanding about translation is that translation should not read like a translation but should read like a work written in Chinese by the original writer. For this reason, the language used in translating, i.e., the target language, in our case, Chinese, should be standard Chinese literary language. In actual fact, however, the target language is a kind of dissimilated Chinese. Dissimilation is a linguistic behaviour and a cultural phenomenon common in translation works. This article reveals the mutual influence between the target language and its culture, and points out that dissimilation of the target language may be considered a confrontation and dialogue between two languages and two cultures. A good translation provides palatable dissimilation and thus achieves optimization of the target language. Optimization of the target language will be the new trend of translation in the new age in China.