On this date:
In 1653, New Amsterdam -- now New York City --
was incorporated.
In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the Mexican War, was signed.
In 1876, the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs was formed in New York.
In 1882, Irish poet and novelist James Joyce was born near Dublin.
In 1897, fire destroyed the Pennsylvania state capitol in Harrisburg. (A new statehouse was dedicated on the same site nine years later.)
In 1943, the remainder of Nazi forces from the Battle of Stalingrad surrendered in a major victory for the Soviets in World War Two.